Upasaggapubbako, nipātapubbako ca nāmiko yuttattho teheva attapubbakehi upasagganipātehi saha niccaṃ samasīyate, so ca samāso abyayībhāvasañño hoti. Idha abyayībhāvādisaññāvidhāyakasuttāneva vā saññāvidhānamukhena samāsavidhāyakānīti daṭṭhabbāni.

Tesaṃ nāmānaṃ payujjamānapadatthānaṃ yo yuttattho, so samāsasañño hoti, tadaññaṃ vākyamiti ruḷhaṃ.

Nāmāni syādivibhatyantāni, samassateti samāso, saṅkhipiyatīti attho.

Vuttañhi

‘‘Samāso padasaṅkhepo, padappaccayasaṃhitaṃ;

Taddhitaṃ nāma hotevaṃ, viññeyyaṃ tesamantara’’nti.

Duvidhañcassa samasanaṃ saddasamasanamatthasamasanañca, tadubhayampi luttasamāse paripuṇṇameva labbhati. Aluttasamāse pana atthasamasanameva vibhattilopābhāvato, tatthāpi vā ekapadattūpagamanato duvidhampi labbhateva. Dve hi samāsassa payojanāni ekapadattamekavibhattittañcāti.

‘‘Atthavasā vibhattivipariṇāmo’’ti vipariṇāmena ‘‘yuttatthāna’’nti vattate.

Idha padantarena vā taddhitappaccayehi vā āyādippaccayehi vā ekatthībhūtā yuttatthā nāma, tena ‘‘tesaṃ yuttatthānaṃ samāsānaṃ, taddhitāyādippaccayantānañca vibhattiyo lopanīyā hontī’’ti attho. Samāsaggahaṇādhikāre pana sati tesaṃgahaṇena vā taddhitāyādippaccayanta vibhattilopo. Caggahaṇaṃ ‘‘pabhaṅkaro’’tiādīsu lopanivattanatthaṃ.

Vipariṇāmena ‘‘luttāsu, vibhattīsū’’ti vattate, yuttatthaggahaṇañca.

Luttāsu vibhattīsu sarantassa assa yuttatthabhūtassa tividhassapi liṅgassa pakatibhāvo hoti. Casaddena kiṃsamudaya idappaccayatādīsu niggahītantassapi. Nimittābhāve nemittakābhāvassa idha anicchitattā ayamatideso.

Sakatthavirahenidha samāsassa ca liṅgabhāvābhāvā vibhattuppattiyamasampattāyaṃ nāmabyapadesātidesamāha.

‘‘Abyayībhāvo’’ti vattate.

So abyayībhāvasamāso napuṃsakaliṅgova daṭṭhabboti napuṃsakaliṅgattaṃ. Ettha hi satipi liṅgātidese ‘‘adhipañña’’ntiādīsu ‘‘adhiñāṇaṃ’’ntiādi rūpappasaṅgo na hoti saddantarattā, ‘‘tipañña’’ntiādīsu viyāti daṭṭhabbaṃ, na cāyaṃ atideso, sutte atidesaliṅgassa ivasaddassa adassanato. Pure viya syādyuppatti.

‘‘Kvacī’’ti vattate.

Tasmā akārantā abyayībhāvā parāsaṃ vibhattīnaṃ kvaci aṃ hoti, sesaṃ neyyaṃ.

Taṃ upanagaraṃ, nagarassa samīpaṃ tiṭṭhatīti attho. Tāni upanagaraṃ, ālapanepevaṃ, taṃ upanagaraṃ passa, tāni upanagaraṃ.

Na pañcamyāyamambhāvo, kvacīti adhikārato;

Tatiyāsattamīchaṭṭhī-nantu hoti vikappato.

Abhāve – darathānaṃ abhāvo niddarathaṃ, nimmasakaṃ.

Pacchāatthe – rathassa pacchā anurathaṃ, anuvātaṃ.

Yoggatāyaṃ – yathāsarūpaṃ, anurūpaṃ, rūpayogganti attho.

Vicchāyaṃ – attānamattānaṃ pati paccattaṃ, addhamāsaṃ addhamāsaṃ anu anvaddhamāsaṃ.

Anupubbiyaṃ – jeṭṭhānaṃ anupubbo anujeṭṭhaṃ.

Paṭilome – sotassa paṭilomaṃ paṭisotaṃ, paṭipathaṃ, pativātaṃ, attānaṃ adhikicca pavattā ajjhattaṃ.

Pariyādābhividhīsu āpāṇakoṭiyā āpāṇakoṭikaṃ, ‘‘kvaci samāsantagatānamakāranto’’ti kappaccayo, ākumārehi yaso kaccāyanassa ākumāraṃ.

Samiddhiyaṃ – bhikkhāya samiddhīti atthe samāseva napuṃsakaliṅgatte ca kate –

‘‘Samāsassa, anto’’ti ca vattate.

Napuṃsake vattamānassa samāsassa anto saro rasso hoti. Ettha ca abyayībhāvaggahaṇaṃ nānuvattetabbaṃ, tena digudvandabahubbīhīsupi napuṃsake vattamānassa samāsantassarassa rassattaṃ siddhaṃ hoti. ‘‘Aṃ vibhattīna’’miccādinā amādeso, subhikkhaṃ. Gaṅgāya samīpe vattatīti upagaṅgaṃ, maṇikāya samīpaṃ upamaṇikaṃ.

‘‘Abyayībhāvā, vibhattīna’’nti ca vattate.

Akārantato aññasmā abyayībhāvasamāsā parāsaṃ vibhattīnaṃ lopo ca hoti. Adhitti, itthīsu adhikicca kathā pavattatīti attho. Adhitthi passa, adhitthi kataṃ iccādi, evaṃ adhikumāri, vadhuyā samīpaṃ upavadhu, gunnaṃ samīpaṃ upagu, okārassa rassattaṃ ukāro. Evaṃ upasaggapubbako.

Nipātapubbako yathā – vuḍḍhānaṃ paṭipāṭi, ye ye vuḍḍhā vā yathāvuḍḍhaṃ, padatthānatikkame – yathākkamaṃ, yathāsatti, yathābalaṃ karoti, balamanatikkamitvā karotīti attho. Jīvassa yattako paricchedo yāvajīvaṃ, yāvatāyukaṃ, kappaccayo. Yattakena attho yāvadatthaṃ, pabbatassa parabhāgo tiropabbataṃ, tiropākāraṃ, tirokuṭṭaṃ, pāsādassa anto antopāsādaṃ, antonagaraṃ, antovassaṃ, nagarassa bahi bahinagaraṃ, pāsādassa upari uparipāsādaṃ, uparimañcaṃ, mañcassa heṭṭhā heṭṭhāmañcaṃ, heṭṭhāpāsādaṃ, bhattassa pure purebhattaṃ, evaṃ pacchābhattaṃ.

Sākallatthe – saha makkhikāya samakkhikaṃ bhuñjati, na kiñci parivajjetīti attho. ‘‘Tesu vuddhī’’tiādinā sahasaddassa sādeso. Gaṅgāya oraṃ oragaṅgamiccādi.

Abyayībhāvasamāso niṭṭhito.

Kammadhārayasamāsa

So ca navavidho visesanapubbapado visesanuttarapado visesanobhayapado upamānuttarapado sambhāvanāpubbapado avadhāraṇapubbapado nanipātapubbapado kupubbapado pādipubbapado cāti.

Tattha visesanapubbapado tāva – ‘‘mahanta purisa’’itīdha ubhayattha paṭhamekavacanaṃ si, tulyādhikaraṇabhāvappasiddhatthaṃ casadda tasaddappayogo, mahanto ca so puriso cāti viggahe –

Ito paraṃ ‘‘vibhāsā rukkhatiṇa’’iccādito ‘‘vibhāsā’’ti samāsavidhāne sabbattha vattate.

Dve padāni nāmikāni tulyādhikaraṇāni aññamaññena saha vibhāsā samasyante, tasmiṃ dvipade tulyādhikaraṇe sati so samāso kammadhārayasañño ca hoti.

Dve padāni dvipadaṃ, tulyaṃ samānaṃ adhikaraṇaṃ attho yassa padadvayassa taṃ tulyādhikaraṇaṃ, tasmiṃ dvipade tulyādhikaraṇe. Bhinnappavattinimittānaṃ dvinnaṃ padānaṃ visesanavisesitabbabhāvena ekasmiṃ atthe pavatti tulyādhikaraṇatā. Kammamiva dvayaṃ dhārayatīti kammadhārayo. Yathā hi kammaṃ kriyañca payojanañca dvayaṃ dhārayati, kamme sati kriyāya, payojanassa ca sambhavato, tathā ayaṃ samāso ekassa atthassa dve nāmāni dhārayati, tasmiṃ samāse sati ekatthajotakassa nāmadvayassa sambhavato.

Mahanta saddassa mahā hoti tulyādhikaraṇe uttarapade pare. Mahatanti bahuvacanaggahaṇena kvaci mahaādeso ca, ettha ca visesanassa pubbanipāto visesanabhūtassa pubbapadassa mahādesavidhānatova viññāyati.

‘‘Kammadhārayo, digū’’ti ca vattate.

Ubhe kammadhārayadigusamāsā tappurisasaññā honti.

Tassa puriso tappuriso, tappurisasadisattā ayampi samāso anvatthasaññāya tappurisoti vutto. Yathā hi tappurisasaddo guṇamativatto, tathā ayaṃ samāsopi. Uttarapadatthappadhāno hi tappurisoti. Tato nāmabyapadeso syādyuppatti. Ayaṃ pana tappuriso abhidheyyavacano, paraliṅgo ca.

Mahāpuriso, mahāpurisā iccādi purisasaddasamaṃ, evaṃ mahāvīro, mahāmuni, mahantañca taṃ balañcāti mahābalaṃ, mahabbhayaṃ, mahaādeso. Santo ca so puriso cāti sappuriso, ‘‘santasaddassa so bhe bo cante’’ti ettha casaddena santasaddassa samāse abhakārepi sādeso, tathā pubbapuriso, parapuriso, paṭhamapuriso, majjhimapuriso, uttamapuriso, dantapuriso, paramapuriso, vīrapuriso, setahatthī, kaṇhasappo, nīluppalaṃ, lohitacandanaṃ.

Pumā ca so kokilo cāti atthe samāse kate –

‘‘Lopa’’nti vattate.

Pumaiccetassa anto akāro lopamāpajjate liṅgādīsu parapadesu samāsesu, ‘‘aṃmo niggahītaṃ jhalapehī’’ti makārassa niggahītaṃ. Puṅkokilo. Evaṃ punnāgo.

Khattiyā ca sā kaññā cāti viggayha samāse kate –

‘‘Tulyādhikaraṇe, pade, itthiyaṃ bhāsitapumitthī pumāva ce’’ti ca vattate.

Kammadhārayasaññe ca samāse itthiyaṃ vattamāne tulyādhikaraṇe uttarapade pare pubbabhūto itthivācako saddo pubbe bhāsitapumā ce, so pumā iva daṭṭhabboti pubbapade itthippaccayassa nivatti hoti.

Khattiyakaññā, khattiyakaññāyo iccādi. Evaṃ rattalatā, dutiyabhikkhā, brāhmaṇī ca sā dārikā cāti brāhmaṇadārikā, nāgamāṇavikā.

Pubbapadassevāyaṃ pumbhāvātideso, tena ‘‘khattiyakumārī kumārasamaṇī taruṇabrāhmaṇī’’tiādīsu uttarapadesu itthippaccayassa na nivatti hoti.

Bhāsitapumāti kiṃ? Gaṅgānadī, taṇhānadī, pathavīdhātu. ‘‘Nandāpokkharaṇī, nandādevī’’tiādīsu pana saññāsaddattā na hoti.

Tathā puratthimo ca so kāyo cāti puratthimakāyo, ettha ca kāyekadeso kāyasaddo. Evaṃ pacchimakāyo, heṭṭhimakāyo, uparimakāyo, sabbakāyo, purāṇavihāro, navāvāso, kataranikāyo, katamanikāyo, hetuppaccayo, abahulaṃ bahulaṃ katanti bahulīkataṃ, jīvitappadhānaṃ navakaṃ jīvitanavakaṃ iccādi.

Visesanuttarapade jinavacanānuparodhato therācariyapaṇḍitādi visesanaṃ parañca bhavati. Yathā – sāriputto ca so thero cāti sāriputtatthero. Evaṃ mahāmoggallānatthero, mahākassapatthero, buddhaghosācariyo, dhammapālācariyo, ācariyaguttiloti vā, mahosadho ca so paṇḍito cāti mahosadhapaṇḍito. Evaṃ vidhurapaṇḍito, vatthuviseso.

Visesanobhayapado yathā – sītañca taṃ uṇhañcāti sītuṇhaṃ, siniddho ca so uṇho cāti siniddhuṇho, māso. Khañjo ca so khujjo cāti khañjakhujjo. Evaṃ andhabadhiro, katākataṃ, chiddāvachiddaṃ, uccāvacaṃ, chinnabhinnaṃ, sittasammaṭṭhaṃ, gatapaccāgataṃ.

Sambhāvanāpubbapado yathā – dhammo iti buddhi dhammabuddhi. Evaṃ dhammasaññā, dhammasaṅkhāto, dhammasammato, pāṇasaññitā, asubhasaññā, aniccasaññā, anattasaññā, dhātusaññā, dhītusaññā, attasaññā, atthisaññā, attadiṭṭhi iccādi.

Avadhāraṇapubbapado yathā – guṇo eva dhanaṃ guṇadhanaṃ. Evaṃ saddhādhanaṃ, sīladhanaṃ, paññādhanaṃ, cakkhu eva indriyaṃ cakkhundriyaṃ. Evaṃ cakkhāyatanaṃ, cakkhudhātu, cakkhudvāraṃ, rūpārammaṇamiccādi.

Nanipātapubbapado yathā – na brāhmaṇoti atthe kammadhārayasamāse, vibhattilopādimhi ca kate –

‘‘Ubhe tappurisā’’ti tappurisasaññā.

Nassa nipātapadassa tappurise uttarapade pare sabbasseva attaṃ hoti. Tappurisekadesattā tappuriso, abrāhmaṇo.

Na nisedho sato yutto,

Desādiniyamaṃ vinā;

Asato cāphalo tasmā,

Kathamabrāhmaṇoti ce?

Nisedhatthānuvādena, paṭisedhavidhi kvaci;

Parassa micchāñāṇattā-khyāpanāyopapajjate.

Duvidho cassattho pasajjappaṭisedhapariyudāsavasena.

Vuttañca

‘‘Pasajjappaṭisedhassa, lakkhaṇaṃ vatthunatthitā;

Vatthuto aññatra vutti, pariyudāsalakkhaṇa’’nti.

Nanvevaṃ santepi ‘‘abrāhmaṇo’’tiādīsu kathamuttarapadatthappadhānatā siyāti?

Vuccate – brāhmaṇādisaddānaṃ brāhmaṇādiatthasseva taṃsadisādiatthassāpi vācakattā, brāhmaṇādisaddā hi kevalābrāhmaṇādiatthesveva pākaṭā, bhūsaddo viyasattāyaṃ, yadā te pana aññena sadisādivācakena naiti nipātena yujjanti, tadā taṃsadisatadaññatabbiruddhatadabhāvesupi vattanti, bhūsaddo viya anvabhiyādiyoge anubhavanaabhibhavanādīsu, tasmā uttarapadatthajotakoyevettha naiti nipātoti na doso, tena abrāhmaṇoti brāhmaṇasadisoti vuttaṃ hoti. Evaṃ amanusso, assamaṇo.

Aññatthe – na byākatā abyākatā, asaṃkiliṭṭhā, apariyāpannā.

Viruddhatthe – na kusalā akusalā, kusalapaṭipakkhāti attho. Evaṃ alobho, amitto.

Pasajjappaṭisedhe – na katvā akatvā, akātuna puññaṃ akaronto.

‘‘Nassa, tappurise’’ti ca vattate.

Naiccetassa padassa tappurise uttarapade ana hoti sare pare.

Na asso anasso, na ariyo anariyo. Evaṃ anissaro, aniṭṭho, anupavādo, na ādāya anādāya, anoloketvā iccādi.

Kupubbapado yathā – kucchitamannanti niccasamāsattā aññapadena viggaho, kammadhārayasamāse kate –

‘‘Tappurise, sare’’ti ca vattate.

Kuiccetassa nipātassa tappurise uttarapade kada hoti sare pare. Kadannaṃ. Evaṃ kadasanaṃ.

Sareti kiṃ? Kudārā, kuputtā, kudāsā, kudiṭṭhi.

‘‘Kussā’’ti vattate.

Kuiccetassa appatthe vattamānassa kā hoti tappurise uttarapade pare. Bahuvacanuccāraṇato kucchitatthe ca kvaci tappurise. Appakaṃ lavaṇaṃ kālavaṇaṃ. Evaṃ kāpupphaṃ, kucchito puriso kāpuriso, kupuriso vā.

Ye idha avihitalakkhaṇā nāmanipātopasaggā, tesaṃ ‘‘nāmānaṃ samāso’’ti yogavibhāgena samāso daṭṭhabbo. Yathā – apunageyyā gāthā, acandamullokikāni mukhāni, assaddhabhojī, alavaṇabhojītiādīsu ayuttatthattā nāññena samāso.

Tathā diṭṭho pubbanti diṭṭhapubbo tathāgataṃ. Evaṃ sutapubbo dhammaṃ, gatapubbo maggaṃ, kammani diṭṭhā pubbanti diṭṭhapubbā devā tena. Evaṃ sutapubbā dhammā, gatapubbā disā, pahāro, parābhavo, vihāro, āhāro, upahāro iccādi.

Kammadhārayasamāso.

Digusamāsa

Atha digusamāso vuccate.

Tayo lokā samāhaṭā cittena sampiṇḍitā, tiṇṇaṃ lokānaṃ samāhāroti vā atthe –

‘‘Nāmānaṃ samāso yuttattho’’ti vattamāne ‘‘dvipade’’tiādinā kammadhārayasamāso, tato samāsasaññāyaṃ, vibhattilope, pakatibhāve ca kate –

‘‘Kammadhārayo’’ti vattate.

Saṅkhyāpubbo kammadhārayasamāso digusañño hoti.

Dve gāvo digu, digusadisattā ayampi samāso digūti vutto. Atha vā saṅkhyāpubbattanapuṃsakekattasaṅkhātehi dvīhi lakkhaṇehi gato avagatoti digūti vuccati, dvīhi vā lakkhaṇehi gacchati pavattatīti digu. Ettha ca ‘‘saṅkhyāpubbo’’ti vuttattā saṅkhyāsaddasseva pubbanipāto, ‘‘ubhe tappurisā’’ti tappurisasaññā.

‘‘Napuṃsakaliṅgo’’ti vattate.

Digussa samāsassa ekattaṃ hoti, napuṃsakaliṅgattañca.

Samāhāradigussetaṃ gahaṇaṃ, tattha sabbatthekavacanameva hoti, aññatra pana bahuvacanampi, nāmabyapadesasyādyuppatti amādesādi.

Tilokaṃ, he tiloka, tilokaṃ, tilokena, tilokassa, tilokā tilokasmā tilokamhā, tilokassa, tiloke tilokamhi tilokasmiṃ.

Evaṃ tayo daṇḍā tidaṇḍaṃ, tīṇi malāni samāhaṭāni, tiṇṇaṃ malānaṃ samāhāroti vā timalaṃ, tilakkhaṇaṃ, catussaccaṃ, catasso disā catuddisaṃ, ‘‘saro rasso napuṃsake’’ti rassattaṃ, pañcasikkhāpadaṃ, saḷāyatanaṃ, sattāhaṃ, aṭṭhasīlaṃ, navalokuttaraṃ, dasasīlaṃ, satayojanaṃ.

Tathā – dve rattiyo dvirattaṃ, tisso rattiyo tirattaṃ, dve aṅguliyo dvaṅgulaṃ, satta godāvariyo, tāsaṃ samāhāroti vā sattagodāvaraṃ.

Ettha ca ratti aṅguli godāvarīnamantassa –

Rājādigaṇassetaṃ gahaṇaṃ, tena samāsantagatānaṃ rājādīnaṃ nāmānaṃ anto kvaci akāro hotīti attho. Kāraggahaṇena bahubbīhādimhi samāsante kvaci kappaccayo hoti, surabhi su du pūtīhi gandhantassikāro ca.

Atha vā a ca ko ca akā, rakāro padasandhikaro, tena kvaci samāsantagatānamanto hutvā a ka iccete paccayā hontīti attho. Tena pañca gāvo samāhaṭāti atthe samāsādiṃ katvā samāsante appaccaye, ‘‘o sare cā’’ti avādese ca kate ‘‘pañcagava’’ntiādi ca sijjhati. ‘‘Dviratta’’ntiādīsu pana appaccaye kate pubbasarassa ‘‘saralopo’’tiādinā lopo.

Asamāhāradigu yathā – eko ca so puggalo cāti ekapuggalo. Evaṃ ekadhammo, ekaputto, tayo bhavā tibhavā, catasso disā catuddisā, dasasahassacakkavāḷāni iccādi.

Digusamāso.

Tappurisasamāsa

Atha tappurisasamāso vuccate.

So pana dutiyādīsu chasu vibhattīsu bhāvato chabbidho. Tattha dutiyātappuriso gatanissitātītātikkantappattāpannādīhi bhavati.

Saraṇaṃ gatoti viggahe –

‘‘Tappuriso’’ti vattate.

Amādivibhatyantāni yuttatthāni pubbapadāni nāmehi parapadebhi saha vibhāsā samasyante, so samāso tappurisasañño hoti. Ayañca tappuriso abhidheyyavacanaliṅgo.

Gatādisaddā kitantattā tiliṅgā, vibhattilopādi sabbaṃ pubbasamaṃ. So saraṇagato, te saraṇagatā. Sā saraṇagatā, tā saraṇagatāyo. Taṃ kulaṃ saraṇagataṃ, tāni kulāni saraṇagatāni iccādi.

Evaṃ araññagato, bhūmigato, dhammaṃ nissito dhammanissito, atthanissito, bhavaṃ atīto bhavātīto, kālātīto, pamāṇaṃ atikkantaṃ pamāṇātikkantaṃ. Lokātikkantaṃ, sukhaṃ patto sukhappatto, dukkhappatto, sotaṃ āpanno sotāpanno, nirodhasamāpanno, rathaṃ āruḷho rathāruḷho, sabbarattiṃ sobhano sabbarattisobhano, muhuttasukhaṃ.

Upapadasamāse pana vuttiyeva tassa niccattā. Yathā – kammaṃ karotīti kammakāro, kumbhakāro, atthaṃ kāmetīti atthakāmo, dhammakāmo, dhammaṃ dhāretīti dhammadharo, vinayadharo, saccaṃ vadituṃ sīlamassāti saccavādī iccādi.

Tavantumānantādikitantehi vākyameva vavatthitavibhāsādhikārato. Yathā – odanaṃ bhuttavā, dhammaṃ suṇamāno, dhammaṃ suṇanto, kaṭaṃ karāno, anabhidhānato vā, abhidhānalakkhaṇā hi taddhitasamāsakitakāti.

Dutiyātappuriso.

Buddhena bhāsito buddhabhāsito, dhammo. Evaṃ jinadesito, satthārā vaṇṇito satthuvaṇṇito, viññūhi garahito viññugarahito, viññuppasattho, issarakataṃ, sayaṃkataṃ, sukehi āhaṭaṃ sukāhataṃ, raññā hato rājahato, rogapīḷito, aggidaḍḍho, sappadaṭṭho, sallena viddho sallaviddho, icchāya apakato icchāpakato, sīlena sampanno sīlasampanno. Evaṃ sukhasahagataṃ, ñāṇasampayuttaṃ, mittasaṃsaggo, piyavippayogo, jātitthaddho, guṇahīno, guṇavuḍḍho, catuvaggakaraṇīyaṃ, catuvaggādikattabbaṃ, kākehi peyyā kākapeyyā, nadī.

Kvaci vuttiyeva, urena gacchatīti urago, pādena pivatīti pādapo. Kvaci vākyameva, parasunā chinnavā, kākehi pātabbā, dassanena pahātabbā.

Pubbādiyoge – māsena pubbo māsapubbo. Evaṃ mātusadiso, pitusamo, ekūnavīsati, sīlavikalo, asikalaho, vācānipuṇo, yāvakālikasaṃmissaṃ, vācāsakhilo, satthārā sadiso satthukappo, puññena atthiko puññatthiko, guṇādhiko, guḷena saṃsaṭṭho odano guḷodano, khīrodano, assena yutto ratho assaratho, maggacittaṃ, jambuyā paññāto lakkhito dīpo jambudīpo, ekena adhikā dasa ekādasa, jātiyā andho jaccandho, pakatiyā medhāvī pakatimedhāvī iccādi.

Tatiyātappuriso.

Tadatthe – kathinassa dussaṃ kathinadussaṃ, kathinacīvaratthāyāti attho. Evaṃ cīvaradussaṃ, cīvaramūlyaṃ, yāguyā atthāya taṇḍulā yāgutaṇḍulā, bhattataṇḍulā, saṅghassatthāya bhattaṃ saṅghabhattaṃ, āgantukānamatthāya bhattaṃ āgantukabhattaṃ. Evaṃ gamikabhattaṃ, pāsādāya dabbaṃ pāsādadabbaṃ.

Atthe bhikkhusaṅghassatthāya vihāro bhikkhusaṅghattho vihāro, bhikkhusaṅghatthā yāgu, bhikkhusaṅghatthaṃ cīvaraṃ. Yassatthāya yadattho, yadatthā, yadatthaṃ. Evaṃ tadattho, tadatthā. Tadatthaṃ. Etadattho vāyāmo, etadatthā kathā, etadatthaṃ sotāvadhānaṃ. Kimatthaṃ, attatthaṃ, paratthaṃ, vinayo saṃvaratthāya, sukhaṃ samādhatthāya, nibbidā virāgatthāya, virāgo vimuttatthāya. Tathā lokassa hito lokahito, buddhassa deyyaṃ buddhadeyyaṃ, pupphaṃ. Saṅghadeyyaṃ, cīvaraṃ. Idha na bhavati, saṅghassa dātabbaṃ, saṅghassa dātuṃ iccādi.

Catutthītappuriso.

Pañcamī apagamana bhaya virati mocanatthādīhi.

Methunasmā apeto methunāpeto. Evaṃ palāpāpagato, nagaraniggato, piṇḍapātapaṭikkanto. Gāmato nikkhantaṃ gāmanikkhantaṃ, rukkhaggā patito rukkhaggapatito, sāsanacuto, āpattivuṭṭhānaṃ, dharaṇitaluggato, sabbabhavehi nissaṭo sabbabhavanissaṭo.

Kvaci vuttiyeva, kammato jātaṃ kammajaṃ. Evaṃ cittajaṃ, utujaṃ, āhārajaṃ. Idha na bhavati, pāsādā patito.

Pañcamītappuriso.

Chaṭṭhī rañño putto rājaputto. Evaṃ rājapuriso, ācariyapūjako, buddhasāvako, buddharūpaṃ, jinavacanaṃ, samuddaghoso, dhaññānaṃ rāsi dhaññarāsi, pupphagandho, phalaraso, kāyassa lahutā kāyalahutā, maraṇassati, rukkhamūlaṃ, ayassa patto ayopatto, evaṃ suvaṇṇakaṭāhaṃ, pānīyathālakaṃ, sappikumbho.

‘‘Devānaṃ rājā’’ti atthe samāsādimhi kate ‘‘kvaci samāsantagatānamakāranto’’ti akāro, tato ‘‘syā cā’’ti āttaṃ na bhavati. Devarājo, devarājā, devarājaṃ, devarāje iccādi purisasaddasamaṃ. Attābhāve so devarājā, te devarājāno iccādi rājasaddasamaṃ. Tathā devānaṃ sakhā devasakho, devasakhā, so devasakhā, te devasakhāno iccādi.

Pumassa liṅgaṃ pulliṅgaṃ. Evaṃ pumbhāvo, pumantalopādi.

Hatthipadaṃ, itthirūpaṃ, bhikkhunisaṅgho, jambusākhā, ettha ca ‘‘kvacādimajjhuttarāna’’ntiādinā majjhe īkārūkārānaṃ rassattaṃ.

Yuttattho icceva? ‘‘Bhaṭo rañño puriso devadattassā’’ti ettha ‘‘bhaṭasambandhe chaṭṭhī’’ti aññamaññānapekkhatāya ayuttatthabhāvato samāso na bhavati, ‘‘kosalassa rañño putto’’tiādīsu pana sāpekkhatāya asamatthattā na bhavati, sambandhīsaddānaṃ pana niccaṃ sāpekkhattepi gamakattā samāso, yathā – devadattassa gurukulaṃ, bhagavato sāvakasaṅghotiādi.

Chaṭṭhītappuriso.

Sattamī rūpe saññā rūpasaññā, evaṃ rūpasañcetanā, saṃsāradukkhaṃ, cakkhumhi sannissitaṃ viññāṇaṃ cakkhuviññāṇaṃ, dhamme rato dhammarato, dhammābhirati, dhammaruci, dhammagāravo, dhammesu nirutti dhammanirutti, dānādhimutti, bhavantarakataṃ, dassane assādo dassanassādo, araññe vāso araññavāso, vikāle bhojanaṃ vikālabhojanaṃ, kāle vassaṃ kālavassaṃ, vane pupphaṃ vanapupphaṃ. Evaṃ vanamahiso, gāmasūkaro, samuddamaccho, āvāṭakacchapo, āvāṭamaṇḍūko, kūpamaṇḍūko, titthanāvā, itthīsu dhutto itthidhutto chāyāya sukkho chāyāsukkho, aṅgārapakkaṃ, cārakabaddho.

Idha vuttiyeva, yathā – vane caratīti vanacaro, kucchimhi sayatīti kucchisayo, thale tiṭṭhatīti thalaṭṭho. Evaṃ jalaṭṭho, pabbataṭṭho, maggaṭṭho, paṅke jātaṃ paṅkajaṃ, sire ruhatīti siroruhaṃ iccādi.

Sattamītappuriso.

‘‘Tadanuparodhenā’’ti vuttattā yathābhidhānaṃ tappurise kvaci accantādīsu amādivibhatyantaṃ pubbapadaṃ paraṃ sambhavati.

Yathā – antaṃ atikkantaṃ accantaṃ, accantāni, velaṃ atikkanto ativelo, rassattaṃ. Evaṃ mālaṃ atīto atimālo, pattajīviko, āpannajīviko, akkhaṃ patigataṃ nissitanti paccakkhaṃ dassanaṃ, paccakkho attabhāvo, paccakkhā buddhi, atthaṃ anugataṃ anvatthaṃ, kokilāya avakuṭṭhaṃ avakokilaṃ vanaṃ, pariccattanti attho. Avamayūraṃ, ajjhayanāya parigilāno pariyajjhayano, kammassa alaṃ samatthoti alaṃkammo, vacanāya alanti alaṃvacano, vānato nikkhantaṃ nibbānaṃ, kilesehi nikkhanto nikkileso, niraṅgaṇo, kosambiyā nikkhanto nikkosambī, vanato niyyāto nibbano, ācariyato paro pācariyo. Evaṃ payyako, parahiyyo, gaṅgāya upari uparigaṅgaṃ. Evaṃ heṭṭhānadī, antosamāpatti, haṃsānaṃ rājā rājahaṃso, haṃsarājā vā, māsassa addhaṃ addhamāsaṃ, māsaddhaṃ vā, āmalakassa addhaṃ addhāmalakaṃ, āmalakaddhaṃ vā, kahāpaṇassa aḍḍhaṃ aḍḍhakahāpaṇaṃ, aḍḍhamāsakaṃ, rattiyā aḍḍhaṃ aḍḍharattaṃ, rattiyā pubbaṃ pubbarattaṃ, rattiyā pacchā pacchārattaṃ. Ettha ca ‘‘kvaci samāsantagatānamakāranto’’ti rattisaddantassa attaṃ, ahassa pubbaṃ pubbanhaṃ. Evaṃ sāyanhaṃ, ‘‘tesu vuddhī’’tiādinā ahassa anhādeso.

Amādiparatappuriso.

Yathā – pabhaṃ karotīti atthe ‘‘amādayo parapadebhī’’ti samāso, ‘‘nāmānaṃ samāso yuttattho’’ti samāsasaññā, tato ‘‘tesaṃ vibhattiyo lopā cā’’ti vibhattilope sampatte tattheva caggahaṇena pubbapade vibhattilopābhāvo. Sesaṃ samaṃ. Pabhaṅkaro, amataṃ dadātīti amatandado, raṇaṃ jahātīti raṇañjaho, jutiṃ dhāretīti jutindharo, tathā sahasākataṃ, parassapadaṃ. Attanopadaṃ, bhayato upaṭṭhānaṃ bhayatūpaṭṭhānaṃ, paratoghoso, gavaṃpatitthero, manasikāro, pubbenivāso, pubbenivāsānussati, majjhekalyāṇaṃ, antevāsī, antevāsiko, janesuto, urasilomo, kaṇṭhekāḷo, sarasijamiccādi.

Alopatappuriso.

Tappurisasamāso niṭṭhito.

Bahubbīhisamāsa

Atha bahubbīhisamāso vuccate.

So ca navavidho dvipado tulyādhikaraṇo, dvipado bhinnādhikaraṇo, tipado nanipātapubbapado, sahapubbapado upamānapubbapado saṅkhyobhayapado disantarāḷattho byatihāralakkhaṇo cāti.

Tattha dvipado tulyādhikaraṇo bahubbīhi kammādīsu chasu vibhatyatthesu bhavati.

Samasyamānapadato aññesaṃ paṭhamadutiyādivibhatyantānaṃ padānamatthesu yuttatthāni nāmāni vibhāsā samasyante, so samāso bahubbīhisañño ca hoti.

Bahavo vīhayo yassa so bahubbīhi, bahubbīhisadisattā ayampisamāso anvatthasaññāvasena bahubbīhīti vutto, aññapadatthappadhāno hi bahubbīhi.

Duvidho cāyaṃ bahubbīhi tagguṇasaṃviññāṇātagguṇasaṃviññāṇavasena, tesu yattha visesanabhūto attho aññapadatthaggahaṇena gayhati, so tagguṇasaṃviññāṇo, yathā – lambakaṇṇamānayāti.

Yattha pana na gayhati, so atagguṇasaṃviññāṇo, yathā – bahudhanamānayāti.

Idha bahubbīhisadde viya visesanassa pubbanipāto, sesaṃ pubbasamaṃ.

Āgatasamaṇo saṅghārāmo. Ettha ca āgatasaddo, samaṇasaddo ca attano atthe aṭṭhatvā dutiyāvibhatyatthabhūte saṅghārāmasaṅkhāte aññapadatthe vattanti, tadatthajotanatthameva tadanantaraṃ ‘‘saṅghārāmo’’ti padantaraṃ payujjati, tato samāseneva kammatthassa abhihitattā puna dutiyā na hoti. Idaṃsaddassa ca appayogo, evaṃ sabbattha. Bahubbīhi cāyaṃ abhidheyyaliṅgavacano.

Tatiyatthe bahubbīhi yathā – jitāni indriyāni yena samaṇena soyaṃ jitindriyo samaṇo. Evaṃ diṭṭhadhammo, pattadhammo, katakicco, jitā mārā anenāti jitamāro bhagavā, paṭividdhasabbadhammo.

Catutthiyatthe bahubbīhi yathā – dinno suṅko yassa rañño soyaṃ dinnasuṅko rājā, upanītaṃ bhojanaṃ assa samaṇassāti upanītabhojano samaṇo, upahaṭo bali assāti upahaṭabali yakkho.

Pañcamiyatthe bahubbīhi yathā – niggatā janā asmā gāmā soyaṃ niggatajano gāmo, niggato ayo asmāti nirayo, niggatā kilesā etasmāti nikkileso, apetaṃ viññāṇaṃ asmāti apetaviññāṇo matakāyo, apagataṃ bhayabheravaṃ asmāti apagatabhayabheravo arahā.

Chandajātādīsu visesanavisesitabbānaṃ yathicchitattā ubhayaṃ pubbaṃ nipatati, yathā – chando jāto assāti chandajāto, jāto chando assātipi jātachando. Evaṃ sañjātapītisomanasso, pītisomanassasañjāto, māsajāto, jātamāso, chinnahattho, hatthacchinno.

‘‘Dīghā jaṅghāyassā’’ti viggayha samāsādimhi kate –

‘‘Tulyādhikaraṇe, pade’’ti ca vattate.

Itthiyaṃ vattamāne tulyādhikaraṇe pade pare pubbe bhāsitapumā itthivācako saddo atthi ce, so pumā iva daṭṭhabboti pubbapade itthippaccayābhāvo, bahubbīhivisayoyaṃ, upari ‘‘kammadhārayasaññe cā’’ti vakkhamānattā.

Kvaci taddhitasamāsanāmopasaggādīsu padesu ādimajjhuttarabhūtānaṃ sarānaṃ jinavacanānuparodhena dīgharassā honti paccayesu, apaccayesu paresu, aparabhūtesu ca.

Dīghattaṃ pākaṭānūpa- ghātādo madhuvādisu;

Rassattaṃ ajjave itthi- rūpādo ca ka, tādisūti.

Bahubbīhisamāse sati pulliṅge uttarapadantassa rassattaṃ. Dīghajaṅgho puriso, tathā pahūtā jivhā assāti pahūtajivho bhagavā. Mahatī paññā assāti mahāpañño. ‘‘Mahataṃ mahā tulyādhikaraṇe pade’’ti mahādeso.

Itthiyamiti kiṃ? Khamādhano. Bhāsitapumāti kiṃ? Saddhādhuro, saddhāpakatiko, paññāpakatiko, paññāvisuddhiko, ettha ca ‘‘kvaci samāsantagatānamakāranto’’ti kappaccayo. Tulyādhikaraṇe icceva? Samaṇibhattiko, kumāribhattiko, kumāribhatti.

Pubbapadassevāyaṃ pumbhāvātideso, tena idha na bhavati. Bahudāsiko puriso. Bahukumārikaṃ kulaṃ.

‘‘Gāṇṭhivo dhanu assā’’ti viggayha samāsādimhi kate –

Tipadamidaṃ. Kvacisamāsantagatā dhanusaddā āpaccayo hoti, casaddena dhammādito ca, ‘‘vamodudantāna’’nti vakāro, gāṇṭhivadhanvā. Evaṃ paccakkhadhammā.

Kvacīti kiṃ? Sahassathāmadhanu, paccakkhadhammo, viditadhammo.

Tathā byālambo ambudharo byālambambudharo, tassa bindūni byālambambudharabindūni, tehi cumbito byālambambudharabinducumbito, tādiso kūṭo yassa soyaṃ byālambambudharabinducumbitakūṭo iccādi.

Sattamiyatthe bahubbīhi yathā – sampannāni sassāni yasmiṃ janapade soyaṃ sampannasasso janapado, sulabho piṇḍo imasminti sulabhapiṇḍo deso. Ākiṇṇā manussā yassaṃ rājadhāniyaṃ sā ākiṇṇamanussā rājadhānī, bahavo tāpasā etasminti bahutāpaso assamo, upacitaṃ maṃsalohitaṃ asminti upacitamaṃsalohitaṃ sarīraṃ, bahavo sāmino asminti bahussāmikaṃ nagaraṃ.

‘‘Bahū nadiyo asmi’’nti atthe samāsādimhi kate –

Samāsantaggahaṇaṃ, kappaccayo ca vattate.

Samāsantagatā nadimhā kappaccayo hoti, casaddena tuantā ca. Niccatthaṃ vacanaṃ. Nadīti cettha itthivācakānaṃ īkārūkārānaṃ parasamaññā, tato ‘‘kvacādimajjhuttarāna’’ntiādinā nadisaññassa kappaccaye rassattaṃ, bahunadiko janapado. Evaṃ bahujambukaṃ vanaṃ. Bahunārikoti chaṭṭhībahubbīhinā siddhaṃ. Bahavo kattāro asmiṃ, assāti vā bahukattuko deso. Evaṃ bahubhattuko.

Tipado yathā – parakkamenādhigatā sampadā yehi te bhavanti parakkamādhigatasampadā mahāpurisā. Evaṃ dhammādhigatabhogā, oṇīto pattato pāṇi yena soyaṃ oṇītapattapāṇi, sīhassa pubbaddhaṃ viya kāyo assāti sīhapubbaddhakāyo, mattā bahavo mātaṅgā asminti mattabahumātaṅgaṃ vanaṃ iccādi.

Nanipātapubbapado yathā – natthi etassa samoti asamo bhagavā. Idha ‘‘attaṃ nassa tappurise’’ti sutte ‘‘attaṃ nassā’’ti yogavibhāgena nassa attaṃ. Evaṃ appaṭipuggalo, aputtako, ahetuko, ‘‘kvaci samāsanta’’iccādinā kappaccayo, natthi saṃvāso etesanti asaṃvāsā, na vijjate vuṭṭhi etthāti avuṭṭhiko janapado, abhikkhuko vihāro, natthi etassa uttaroti anuttaro, ‘‘sare ana’’ti ana, tappurisaggahaṇamupalakkhaṇaṃ, athavā ‘‘tesu vuddhī’’tiādinā nassa ana. Evaṃ natthi anto assāti anantaṃ, na vijjanti āsavā etesanti anāsavā iccādi.

Upamānapubbapado paṭhamāyatthe tāva – upamānopameyyabhāvappasiddhatthaṃ ivasaddappayogo, kāyabyāmānaṃ samappamāṇatāya nigrodho iva parimaṇḍalo yo rājakumāro soyaṃnigrodhaparimaṇḍalo rājakumāro. ‘‘Vuttatthānamappayogo’’ti ivasaddassa appayogo, saṅkho viya paṇḍaro ayanti saṅkhapaṇḍaro, kāko viya sūro ayanti kākasūro, cakkhu iva bhūto ayaṃ paramatthadassanatoti cakkhubhūto bhagavā. Evaṃ atthabhūto. Dhammabhūto, brahmabhūto, andho viya bhūto ayanti andhabhūto bālo. Muñjapabbajamiva bhūtā ayanti muñjapabbajabhūtā kudiṭṭhi. Tantākulakamiva jātā ayanti tantākulakajātā.

Chaṭṭhiyatthe – suvaṇṇavaṇṇo viya vaṇṇo yassa soyaṃ suvaṇṇavaṇṇo bhagavā. Uttarapadalopo, nāgassa viya assa gatīti nāgagati. Evaṃ sīhagati, nāgavikkamo, sīhavikkamo, sīhahanu, eṇissa viya assa jaṅghāti eṇijaṅgho, sīhassa pubbaddhaṃ viya assa kāyoti sīhapubbaddhakāyo, brahmuno viya aṭṭhaṅgasamannāgato saro assāti brahmassaro.

Disantarāḷattho yathā – pubbassā ca dakkhiṇassā ca disāya yadantarāḷaṃ sāyaṃ pubbadakkhiṇā vidisā. Ettha tulyādhikaraṇapadaparattābhāvā na pumbhāvātideso, ‘‘kvacādimajjhuttarāna’’ntiādinā disantarāḷatthe pubbapadassa rassattaṃ. Evaṃ pubbuttarā, aparadakkhiṇā, pacchimuttarā. Yadā pana dakkhiṇā ca sā pubbā cāti kammadhārayasamāso hoti, tadā pumbhāvātideso uttarapadatthappadhānattā, sabbanāmikavidhānampi niccaṃ bhavatiyeva, yathā – dakkhiṇapubbassā, dakkhiṇapubbassamiti.

Byatihāralakkhaṇo yathā – kesesu ca kesesu ca gahetvā idaṃ yuddhaṃ pavattatīti kesākesi, daṇḍehi ca daṇḍehi ca paharitvā idaṃ yuddhaṃ pavattatīti daṇḍādaṇḍi, ‘‘kvacādimajjhuttarāna’’ntiādinā majjhedīgho, ‘‘tesu vuddhī’’tiādinā antassikāro.

Paṭhamāvibhatyatthabahubbīhi.

Bahubbīhisamāso niṭṭhito.

Dvandasamāsa

Atha dvandasamāso vuccate.

So ca duvidho itarītarayoga samāhāratthabhedena.

‘‘Sāriputto ca moggallāno cā’’ti viggahe –

Nānānāmānameva ekavibhattikānaṃ yuttatthānaṃ yo samuccayo, so vibhāsā samāso bhavati, dvandasañño ca.

Ettha ca samuccayo nāma sampiṇḍanaṃ, so pana atthavasena kevalasamuccayo anvācayo itarītarayogo samāhāro cāti catubbidho.

Tattha kevalasamuccaye, anvācaye ca samāso na bhavati, kriyāsāpekkhatāya nāmānaṃ aññamaññaṃ ayuttatthabhāvato, yathā – cīvaraṃ piṇḍapātañca paccayaṃ sayanāsanaṃ adāsi, dānañca dehi, sīlañca rakkhāhi. Itarītarayoge, samāhāre ca samāso bhavati, tattha nāmānaṃ aññamaññaṃ yuttatthabhāvato.

Dve dve padāni dvandā, dvandaṭṭhā vā dvandā, dvandasadisattā ayaṃ samāsopi anvatthasaññāya dvandoti vuccati, ubhayapadatthappadhāno hi dvando.

Idha dvande accitataraṃ pubbaṃ nipatati, parasseva liṅgañca. Itarītarayogassa avayavappadhānattā sabbattha bahuvacanameva.

Sāriputtamoggallānā, sāriputtamoggallāne, sāriputtamoggallānehi iccādi, samaṇo ca brāhmaṇo ca samaṇabrāhmaṇā. Evaṃ brāhmaṇagahapatikā, khattiyabrāhmaṇā, devamanussā, candimasūriyā, mātā ca pitā ca mātāpitaro, ‘‘tesu vuddhī’’tiādinā dvande mātuādipubbapadukārassa ākāro. Evaṃ pitāputtā.

‘‘Jāyā ca pati cāti jāyāpati’’itīdha –

‘‘Kvacī’’ti vattate.

Jāyāsaddassa tudaṃ jāniiccete ādesā honti patisadde pare kvaci. Tudaṃpati, jānipati, jayampatikā. Ettha niggahītāgamo, ‘‘kvacā’’dinā rassattañca.

Kvaci ivaṇṇuvaṇṇantānaṃ pubbanipāto, yathā – aggi ca dhūmo ca aggidhūmā. Evaṃ gatibuddhibhujapaṭhaharakarasayā, dhātavo ca liṅgāni ca dhātuliṅgāni.

Kvaci sarādiakārantānaṃ pubbanipāto, yathā – attho ca dhammo ca atthadhammā. Evaṃ atthasaddā, saddatthā vā.

Samāhāre pana – ‘‘cakkhu ca sotañcā’’ti atthe ‘‘nāmānaṃ samuccayo dvando’’ti dvandasamāsaṃ katvā vibhattilopādimhi kate –

‘‘Napuṃsakaliṅgaṃ, ekattañcā’’ti vattate.

Yathā digusamāse, tathā samāhāradvandasamāsepi pāṇi tūriya yogga senaṅgatthānaṃ, khuddajantukavividha viruddhavisabhāgatthaiccevamādīnañca ekattaṃ hoti, napuṃsakaliṅgattañca.

Ādiggahaṇena aññoññaliṅgavisesita saṅkhyāparimāṇattha pacanacaṇḍālattha disatthādīnañca dvande ekattaṃ, napuṃsakaliṅgattañca, iti pāṇyaṅgatthabhāvato cakkhusotasaddānaṃ iminā ekattaṃ, napuṃsakaliṅgattañca katvā samāsattā nāmabyapadese kate syādyuppatti amādesādi.

Cakkhusotaṃ, he cakkhusota, cakkhusotaṃ, cakkhusotena. Evaṃ sabbatthekavacanameva. Mukhañca nāsikā ca mukhanāsikaṃ, ‘‘saro rasso napuṃsake’’ti antassa rassattaṃ, hanu ca gīvā ca hanugīvaṃ. Evaṃ kaṇṇanāsaṃ, pāṇipādaṃ, chavimaṃsalohitaṃ. Hatthapādā maṃsalohitānītiādīnaṃ pana itarītarayogena siddhaṃ. Evaṃ pāṇyaṅgatthe.

Tūriyaṅgatthe gītañca vāditañca gītavāditaṃ, sammañca tāḷañca sammatāḷaṃ, sammanti kaṃsatāḷaṃ. Tāḷanti hatthatāḷaṃ. Saṅkhe ca paṇavo ca ḍiṇḍimo ca, saṅkhā ca paṇavā ca ḍaṃṇḍimā cāti vā saṅkhapaṇavaḍiṇḍimaṃ, paṇavādayo dvepi bheriviseso.

Yoggaṅgatthe yathā – phālo ca pācanañca phālapācanaṃ, yugañca naṅgalañca yuganaṅgalaṃ.

Senaṅgatthe hatthino ca assā ca hatthiassaṃ, rathā ca pattikā ca rathapattikaṃ, asi ca cammañca asicammaṃ, cammanti saravāraṇaphalakaṃ. Dhanu ca kalāpo ca dhanukalāpaṃ, kalāpoti tūṇīraṃ.

Khuddajantukatthe ḍaṃsā ca makasā ca ḍaṃsamakasaṃ. Evaṃ kunthakipillikaṃ, kīṭapaṭaṅgaṃ, kīṭasarīsapaṃ. Tattha kunthā sukhumakipillikā, kīṭā kapālapiṭṭhikapāṇā.

Visabhāgatthe sīlañca paññāṇañca sīlapaññāṇaṃ, samatho ca vipassanā ca samathavipassanaṃ. Evaṃ nāmarūpaṃ, hirottappaṃ. Satisampajaññaṃ, lobhamohaṃ, dosamohaṃ, ahirikānottappaṃ, thinamiddhaṃ, uddhaccakukkuccamiccādi. ‘‘Aṃmo niggahītaṃ jhalapehī’’ti ettha ‘‘aṃmo’’ti niddesadassanato katthaci napuṃsakaliṅgattaṃ na hotīti daṭṭhabbaṃ, tena ādhipaccaparivāro chandapārisuddhi paṭisandhippavattiyantiādi sijjhati.

Aññoññaliṅgavisesitānaṃ dvande dāsī ca dāso ca dāsidāsaṃ, ‘‘kvacādī’’tiādinā majjhe rassattaṃ. Evaṃ itthipumaṃ, pattacīvaraṃ, sākhāpalāsamiccādi.

Saṅkhyāparimāṇatthānaṃ dvande ekakañca dukañca ekakadukaṃ, saṅkhyādvande appasaṅkhyā pubbaṃ nipatati. Evaṃ dukatikaṃ, tikacatukkaṃ, catukkapañcakaṃ, dīgho ca majjhimo ca dīghamajjhimaṃ.

Pacanacaṇḍālatthānaṃ dvande orabbhikā ca sūkarikā ca orabbhikasūkarikaṃ. Evaṃ sākuṇikamāgavikaṃ, sapāko ca caṇḍālo ca sapākacaṇḍālaṃ, pukkusachavaḍāhakaṃ, venarathakāraṃ. Tattha venā tacchakā, rathakārā cammakārā.

‘‘Napuṃsakaliṅgaṃ, ekattaṃ, dvande’’ti ca vattate.

Rukkha tiṇa pasu dhana dhañña janapadādīnamekattaṃ, napuṃsakaliṅgattañca vibhāsā hoti dvande samāse. Ekattābhāve bahuvacanaṃ, parasseva liṅgañca.

Tattha rukkhānaṃ dvande assatthā ca kapitthā cāti atthe samāhāre dvandasamāsādimhi kate iminā vikappenekattaṃ, napuṃsakaliṅgattañca. Assatthakapitthaṃ, assatthakapitthā vā. Evaṃ ambapanasaṃ, ambapanasā vā, khadirapalāsaṃ, khadirapalāsā vā, dhavassakaṇṇakaṃ, dhavassakaṇṇakā vā.

Tiṇānaṃ dvande usīrāni ca bīraṇāni ca usīrabīraṇaṃ, usīrabīraṇāni vā. Evaṃ muñjapabbajaṃ, muñjapabbajā vā, kāsakusaṃ, kāsakusā vā.

Pasūnaṃ dvande ajā ca eḷakā ca ajeḷakaṃ, ajeḷakā vā, hatthī ca gāvo ca assā ca vaḷavā ca hatthigavassavaḷavaṃ, hatthigavassavaḷavā vā, ‘‘kvacā’’tiādinā rassattaṃ, ‘‘osare cā’’ti avādeso ca, gomahiṃsaṃ, gomahiṃsā vā, eṇeyyavarāhaṃ, eṇeyyavarāhā vā, sīhabyagghataracchaṃ, sīhabyagghataracchā vā.

Dhanānaṃ dvande hiraññañca suvaṇṇañca hiraññasuvaṇṇaṃ, hiraññasuvaṇṇāni vā. Evaṃ jātarūparajataṃ, jātarūparajatāni vā, maṇimuttasaṅkhaveḷuriyaṃ, maṇimuttasaṅkhaveḷuriyā vā.

Janapadānaṃ dvande kāsī ca kosalā ca kāsikosalaṃ, kāsikosalā vā, vajjī ca mallā ca vajjimallaṃ, vajjimallā vā, aṅgā ca magadhā ca aṅgamagadhaṃ, aṅgamagadhā vā.

Ādiggahaṇena aññoññappaṭipakkhadhammānaṃ, sakuṇatthānañca dvande vibhāsā ekattaṃ hoti, napuṃsakaliṅgattañca. Kusalañca akusalañca kusalākusalaṃ, kusalākusalā vā, evaṃ sāvajjānavajjaṃ, sāvajjānavajjā vā, hīnappaṇītaṃ, hīnappaṇītā vā, kaṇhasukkaṃ, kaṇhasukkā vā, sukhadukkhaṃ, sukhadukkhāni vā, paṭighānunayaṃ, paṭighānunayā vā, chāyātapaṃ, chāyātapā vā, ālokandhakāraṃ, ālokandhakārā vā, ratti ca divā ca rattindivaṃ, rattindivā vā, ahañca ratti ca ahorattaṃ, ahorattā vā, ‘‘kvaci samāsanta’’iccādinā ākārikārānamattaṃ.

Sakuṇānaṃ dvande haṃsā ca bakā ca haṃsabakaṃ, haṃsabakā vā. Evaṃ kāraṇḍavacakkavākaṃ, kāraṇḍavacakkavākā vā, mayūrakoñcaṃ, mayūrakoñcā vā, sukasālikaṃ, sukasālikā vā.

Samāhāradvando.

Yebhuyyena cettha –

Accitappasaraṃ pubbaṃ, ivaṇṇuvaṇṇakaṃ kvaci;

Dvande sarādyakārantaṃ, bahūsvaniyamo bhave.

Dvandasamāso niṭṭhito.

Samāsoyaṃ digu kamma-dhārayehi ca chabbidho.

Duvidho abyayībhāvo, navadhā kammadhārayo;

Digu dudhā tappuriso, aṭṭhadhā navadhā bhave;

Bahubbīhi dvidhā dvando, samāso caturaṭṭhadhāti.

Iti padarūpasiddhiyaṃ samāsakaṇḍo

Catuttho.